Once a file is corrupted there is basically no recovery. Sure if it was a text document, even a Word Doc, you might be able to recover some of the text, words and characters, contained in the corrupted file. But with an image file all you would get is garbled colors and distorted figures if anything.
PS does have an Autosave feature but it is very cryptic in how it works and where the autosave files are.
Take a look at this article.
Background Save and Auto Save Features in Photoshop CS6 « Julieanne Kost's Blog