Hi,
I have the exact same problem trying to install flash player 16 today. I'm running OS X 10.8.5 and Safari 6.2.2. I've uninstalled MATLAB, but it doesn't help.
The downloaded file is somehow not a .dmg but a .mdlp, whatever that is, and is a lot of nonsense in a txt file just like for lopesdan above.
It named itself: AdobeFlashPlayerInstaller_16_ltrosxd_aaa_aih.dmg-2.mdlp
Please help us!